Fire dampers are a form of ductwork fitting. They are generally used when there is a fire-resistant wall in the building. Ductworks provide a conduit through which fire and smoke can escape from one room to another. Fire dampers are what will prevent these flames and smoke from passing through.
These ductwork fittings are often made of galvanised steel. The dampers can be vertical or horizontal in terms of how they close the duct. Each is designed for different applications.